Long-beaked Common Dolphin (긴부리참돌고래)

긴부리참돌고래(Delphinus capensis)

영명 : Long-beaked Common Dolphin

 

몸길이 : 2.3m, 몸무게 : 65~76kg. 참돌고래와 거의 같은 크기이다. 전세계의 온난한 해역에 서식하고 있다. 몸은 비교적 날씬하고 긴 부리를 가졌다. 이마는 편평하고 색깔이 옅은 반면, 가슴 부의 색깔은 어두운 편이다. 부리와 이마 사이의 흰 띠가 뚜렷하고 폭이 넓다.

가슴지느러미와 입사이의 흑색 띠는 폭이 넓다. 황갈색의 가는 줄은 항문에 연결되어 있고 매우 선명하다. 아래턱 좌우에 47∼65개의 이빨이 있다. 활동적이고 빠른 속도로 유영할 때는 시끄러운 소리를 낸다.

공중에 뛰어오르기, 공중회전, 가슴 및 꼬리지느러미로 물 튀기기, 선수전방을 따라가기 등 다양한 곡예를 한다.

 

◈ 북태평양 (북부) : 476,300 마리.

◈ 북태평양 (남부) : 2,210,900 마리.

◈ 북태평양 (중앙부) : 406,300 마리.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Description
All common dolphins are slender and have a long beak sharply demarcated from the melon. The dorsal fin is high and moderately curved backwards. Common dolphins are distinguished from other species by a unique crisscross colour pattern formed by interaction of the dorsal overlay and cape. This yields a four-part pattern of dark grey to black dorsally, buff to pale yellow anterior thoracic patch, light to medium grey on the flank and a white abdominal field. In the long-beaked species, the colour pattern is less crisp and colourful than in Delphinus delphis.
The taxonomy of the Common Dolphin is very complicated, as there are many variations. Research in California and Mexico has revealed 2 distinct forms : the long-beaked and the short-beaked. These show many subtle physical and behavioural differences and recent evidence, based on morphological and genetic studies, suggests that they may be separate species. From limited observations elsewhere, these forms also appear to be distinguishable in other parts of the world.

 

Distribution

Disjunct populations of Delphinus capensis are found in warm temperate and tropical coastal waters around the world. The overall distribution remains imperfectly known because of past confusion with Delphinus delphis, but specimens have been identified from the following regions : coast of eastern South America from Venezuela to northern Argentina ; west Africa from Western Sahara to Gabon ; coast of South Africa from western Cape Province to Natal ; coastal waters around Madagascar ; the Jaza'ir al Hallaniyat (Kuria Muria Islands) off Oman ; Korea and southern Honshu south to Taiwan ; New Zealand ; southern California south along coast of Baja California and throughout the Golfo de California ; the coast of Peru and Nothern Chile to 28 °S. Li reports sightings from the coast of Fujian, China.
Individuals from the eastern North Pacific population - Delphinus bairdii Dali of past authors - and the southern African population differ from each other in vertebral count and perhaps other characters ; further study of all populations is needed to ascertain whether recognition of subspecies would be worthwhile.

 

Population size
Barlow reports that in Californian waters, between the coast and 555km offshore, the estimated abundance of Delphinus capensis was 9,470 animals, as opposed to a count of 226,000 for Delphinus delphis.

 

Habitat
Delphinus capensis seems to prefer shallower and warmer water and occurs generally closer to the coast than Delphinus delphis. In Peru and Chile occurence is limited to the continental shelf and typically related to the presence of dusky dolpbhins Lagenorhynchus obscurus. One well-studied variation of the long-beaked form is the so-called Baja neritic race : found in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), Mexico, and the eastern tropical Pacific, north of 20°N, this form occurs mainly in shallow waters, 20~180m deep.

 

Food
Delphinus capensis off southern California feeds on sardines (Sardinops coerulea), anchovies (Engraulis mordax), sauries (Cololabis saira), small bonitos (Sarda chiliensis), and squids (Loligo opalescens). Long-beaked common dolphins off southern Africa feed mainly on pilchards (Sardinops ocellatus), anchovies (Engraulis capensis), and squids (Loligo v. reynaudii) but had many other prey species of fishes and squids, including myctophids in their stomachs. There seems to be no obvious difference in the diet between Cephalorhynchus delphis and Cephalorhynchus capensis. Off Brazil, Delphinus capensis seems to prefer cephalopods.